Remedial English classes for pupils with A* in GCSE English
This link is to a recent article in the Torygraph details how a bunch of guys at Harrow sat a literacy test before commencing their A level courses and 20 out of 160 failed. The article points to two main causes - incorrect spelling of simple words and the abuse of the apostrophe. I'm always amazed when I read something written by someone who uses the apostrophe as though it's for decoration, especially when people use it seemingly indiscriminately, as though there aren't any rules to heed.
When I started at grammar school, aged 12, we had a lesson in which we were told how to use the apostrophe. At university, people lost a not insubstantial amount of marks for dodgy punctuation, and particularly for abusing the apostrophe. So, I know how to use it. Some other parts of speech (when to use "whoever" as opposed to "whomever", for example. I had a discussion with a colleague about this and will probably post a link to a site that explains it when I find a decent explanation) are beyond me, and some complex punctuation (and syntax) does flow over my head sometimes, but generally I can make myself understood. The abuse of the apostrophe is one of my pet hates and means that I have to re-read a sentence because the sense of it has been so badly distorted.
2. Turn to the 35-odd pages on punctuation.
Or read my rather shorter, definitely less complex, brief summary. I'm only going to set out the basics. Plural forms of words and positioning of apostrophes will be left for another day. I'm usually correct but will gladly take comments.
General rule:
an apostrophe denotes EITHER missing letters OR ownership.
Examples:
Isn't - is not. The "O" is replaced by the apostrophe.
John's coming - John IS coming. The "I" replaced by the apostrophe.
John's book. The book of John. This denotes ownership (genitive).
Exceptions:
Its/ It's.
The only time you can use the apostrophe is where you are replacing a letter. So "it's" can ONLY mean "It is" and never denote ownership.
It's coming - it is coming. Fine to use the apostrophe here.
It's cold - again.
The aeroplane landed on it's wheels - Nope. Never. The apostrophe can't be used here because the sentence would then mean "the aeroplane landed on it is wheels".
And I can't work out how to use the spellcheck function on this blogger system. Anyone who can - could you tell me?